Tensions between India and Pakistan have intensified following a fragile ceasefire agreement brokered by the United States on May 10. The ceasefire aimed to halt hostilities after a series of military engagements triggered by a deadly terrorist attack in Indian-administered Kashmir.
Background of the Conflict
The recent escalation began with a terrorist attack on April 22 in Pahalgam, where 26 civilians were killed. India attributed the attack to Pakistan-based militant groups, leading to “Operation Sindoor” on May 7. During this operation, the Indian Armed Forces launched 14 strikes targeting alleged terrorist infrastructure in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and Pakistan’s Punjab province. India claimed the strikes were “focused, measured, and non-escalatory,” aiming to dismantle terrorist camps without targeting Pakistani military facilities. Wikipedia
Pakistan’s Response
In retaliation, Pakistan initiated “Operation Bunyan al-Marsus,” involving drone and missile strikes on Indian territory, including cities like Amritsar. India reported intercepting these attacks using its S-400 missile defense system, marking its first combat use. The Pakistani military also claimed to have shot down several Indian drones that allegedly entered its airspace.
Ceasefire Agreement and Immediate Violations
On May 10, a ceasefire was announced, with U.S. President Donald Trump stating that both nations agreed to a “full and immediate ceasefire” following American mediation efforts. However, within hours, both countries accused each other of violating the truce. Explosions were reported in Srinagar, and both sides alleged drone incursions and artillery fire.
International Reactions
The international community responded positively to the ceasefire announcement. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio praised both leaders for committing to broader talks. Leaders from Bangladesh, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and the United Nations expressed strong support, emphasizing the importance of diplomacy and regional stability. Reuters
Ongoing Challenges
Despite the ceasefire, significant issues remain unresolved. India’s suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty on April 23, following the Pahalgam attack, continues to strain relations. Pakistan has reported a significant drop in water supply and warned that any attempt by India to disrupt the flow of water from shared rivers could be considered an act of war. Wikipedia
Additionally, border closures, halted trade, and suspended visa services persist, reflecting the deep-seated mistrust between the two nations.
Outlook
While the ceasefire has provided a temporary pause in hostilities, the situation remains volatile. Both countries have scheduled further military-level talks, and international actors continue to advocate for sustained peace efforts. The coming days will be critical in determining whether this fragile truce can lead to a more lasting resolution.